The True Beauty Of Religion - 1617 Words

Since the dawn of civilization, religious practices and rituals have greatly impacted various societies around the world. Religion is intertwined with almost every aspect of life, ranging from culture, to politics and can even be found in basic social interactions. Regardless of how religious one may be the impact it has on each individual’s life is significant. The true beauty of religion is the fact that there is no set definition, allowing for each region of the world to interpret and practice their beliefs in their own manner. Naming a newborn child is considered a significant rite of passage in numerous religions all around the world. Many religions believe that providing the newborn with a proper name in the eyes of God is a†¦show more content†¦Due to their strong faith, the Jewish community continually looks to uphold God’s laws, attempting to bring holiness to each aspect of their daily lives. It is important to note that there are sects within Judaism, stemming from cultural nuances and geographic location. This means that there are different rituals and practices between the various sects within Judaism. Chabad is one of the world s most known Chasidic movements and is well known for its outreach in the community. It is the largest Jewish religious organization in the world. The Chabad movement represents an intellectual, spiritual school of thought established and led by a dynasty of Hasidic Rabbis. Founded in the late eighteenth century, the Chabad movement originated in Eastern Europe. Chabad Hasidic philosophy focuses on religious and spiritual concepts such as God, the soul, and the meaning of the Jewish commandments. Though there are several sacred traditions and rites in Judaism, the baby rite is one of the most significant events of the religion. The Chabad movement within Judaism has their own secular beliefs about the name rite of a newborn child. The C habad follow the Midrash relates, which are a collection of teachings from the Torah. The Midrash relates state that the Jewish people were freed from Egyptian rule under the merit of four virtues. The first of these virtues dictates that they do not change their names. This is important

New York Stock Exchange Free Essays

New York Stock Exchange Regulation is strictly dedicated to strengthening market integrity and investor protection. All, the directors in the NYSE Regulation’s board of directors is comprised of a majority of directors unaffiliated with any other NYSE board. As a result, NYSE Regulation is independent in its decision-making. We will write a custom essay sample on New York Stock Exchange or any similar topic only for you Order Now The organization consists of three  divisions: Market Surveillance, Enforcement, and Listed Company Compliance.  Ã‚  NYSE Regulation protects investors by enforcing marketplace rules and federal securities laws. NYSE Regulation also ensures that companies listed on the NYSE and on NYSE Arca meet our financial and corporate-governance listing standards. The NYSE Regulation Board has the following committees: (1) the Human Resources and Compensation Committee;   (2) the Nominating and Governance Committee; and (3) the Committee for Review. The Human Resources and Compensation Committee is appointed by the Board and is charged with duties relating to NYSE Regulation’s human resources policies and procedures, employee benefit plans, compensation and disclosure. The NYSE Regulation Board of Directors is  comprised of three  NYSE Euronext  directors, six  otherwise unaffiliated with NYSE Euronext, and  the NYSE Regulation Chief Executive Officer. The CEO  of NYSE Regulation has primary responsibility for the regulatory oversight of the U.S. market  subsidiaries within NYSE Euronext and reports solely to the NYSE Regulation board of directors.  The Regulation Board oversees all compensation decisions for Regulation employees and the nomination of directors to the Board of Regulation.   When it comes to disciplinary actions, the decisions of NYSE Regulation and its Board of Directors are final, although subject to appeal to the SEC. NYSE Regulation  performs regulatory responsibilities for the New York Stock Exchange and NYSE Arca.   It is comprised of  a  Market Surveillance division that monitors trading activities and investigates  trading abuses  by member organizations on the Floor and  away from the Exchange, an  Enforcement division  that investigates and prosecutes related  disciplinary actions, and a  Listed Company Compliance division that ensures that companies listed on NYSE and on NYSE Arca meet their financial and corporate governance listing standards. Market Surveillance is the division responsible for monitoring trading activities on the Floor and trading â€Å"upstairs† by member firms, both on a real-time basis and after the fact. Enforcement cases include: books and records deficiencies,supervisory violations,misconduct on the trading floor,insider trading,market manipulation, and other abusive trading practices. The trading of securities in the U.S. is subject to vigorous regulation. The principal laws governing trading  are the  Securities Act of 1933 (â€Å"the 1933 Act†) and the  Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (â€Å"1934 Act†). NYSE rules apply to  NYSE member organizations, as well as past and present  representatives, and are designed to protect investors and foster fair dealings with customers. Federal Reserve Board Rules   apply to the entire banking sector for the regulation of borrowing and lending requirements.   Individual states in the U.S. have their own state securities laws.   Any offering of securities in the U.S. must be made in accordance with state as well as federal regulations. Whether Dick Grasso’s compensation was â€Å"reasonable† is a matter of opinion. There are some former directors who still declare adamantly that he deserved all he was paid. Most of the world probably thinks differently. He got a payout of $139.5 million in retirement compensation and other benefits. According to insiders Grassos ran the NYSE like a private fiefdom. Mr. Grasso’s friends and allies on the board contributed a lot to the NYSE but the same lot became a symbol of corporate governance gone bad when it was revealed that those same people doled out his big pay package. The SEC has found that during Mr. Grasso’s reign, specialists repeatedly traded for their own benefit in the place of customers who were ready to trade at the same price. This spurt of questionable trading may have cost investors at least $155 million, according to the SEC staff. That said, it would be a mistake to understate Mr. Grasso’s contributions to the NYSE. His imperious style helped hold together the exchange’s many, often-bickering, constituencies. Thanks to his spending on additional technology, the NYSE easily handled the high volume and volatility of the recent bull and bear markets, no small task. But in the end it is pertinent to mention that NYSE was a non-profit organization and under no circumstance the Chairman can be considered as a CEO of a big multi national. His primary duty was to protect the national interest and was entitled to get the best compansation comparable to a higher government official and not the huge retirement package that he got. REFERENCE 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.nyse.com/regulation/1089235621148.html 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.mindfully.org/Industry/2003/Grasso-NYSE-Deep-Trouble30dec03.htm How to cite New York Stock Exchange, Essay examples

Business Law Automobile Manufacturing Companies

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Automobile Manufacturing Companies. Answer: 1. It is apparent from the case facts that there are two parties are concerned with the case law i.e. Emirates of Dubai and automobile manufacturing companies. It is mentioned in the given case that Dubai legislature has passed an additional obligation in terms of the strict restriction of CO2 emissions from the automobiles. Automobile manufacturers are not agreeable with this ruling and file suit against the decision of the Emirate of Dubai. The automobile manufacturers have also argued that they are complying with the standards set by the Federal Law of UAE for CO2 emissions. Therefore, it can be stated based on the above facts, that the respective plaintiff is automobile manufacturers and the respective defendant is Emirates of Dubai (Richard, 2003). 2. In the present case, the plaintiff automobile manufacturers are looking for both kind of remedies i.e. legal remedy and equitable remedy. Legal Remedy: The obligation announced by the Emirates of Dubai has not been executed by the automobile manufactures and thus, they are ensuring the legal remedy against the new obligation in the form of injunction. This would ensure that the Emirates of Dubai would not be able to implement this legislation either in present or in future (Andrews, 2011). Equitable Remedy: The automobile manufacturers also desire equitable remedies in the form of equal obligations for all the respective automobile manufactures for CO2 emissions set by UAE Federal Law. The automakers have made the claim with respect to the fair distribution of law in Dubai, which is governed by UAE Federal Law (Taylor and Taylor, 2015). 3. It is apparent that Emirates of Dubai has ruled an incremental ruling in regards to strict restriction on the CO2 emission by automakers in Dubai state. The new highly restricted obligation has essentially been introduced by Dubai legislature, which is in addition to the existing legislation made by UAE Federal Law in order to limit the CO2 emission. 4. It is apparent that online sources are more suitable in order to determine the respective UAE Federal Law. The authorized website of UAE administration along with the Library of Congress act as the authentic sources in regards to find the relevant Federal Laws. 5. Civil Courts, Islamic Courts and Criminal Courts are the three main branches in the UAEs court structure. A brief discussion of these courts is as highlighted below (US Consulate nd). Civil Courts: It handles nautical and business related matters. The concerned party can appeal against the respective judgment in Court of Appeal within the period of thirteen days from the date of primary judgment announcement. Moreover, there would be no further argument made by the party only if the judgment has been announced in the Court of Cessation. Islamic Courts: The judgment ruled in this court is with respect to the ruling of Sharia law. These courts mostly deal with the personal matter of Muslims. Moreover, criminal courts the civil courts also take help of Islamic Courts in some of the critical cases, where the involvement of Sharia law is essential. Criminal Courts: The violations, crime related matter or/and misdemeanors matters especially raised by the public actions are dealt in criminal courts. Reference Andrews, N. (2011), Contract Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Richard S. (2003), The Modern Law of Contract, London: Cavendish Taylor, R. and Taylor, D. (2015), Contract Law, London: Oxford University Press US Consulate (nd), THE UAE COURT SYSTEM, Retrieved on October 15, 2016 https://dubai.usconsulate.gov/emergency_uae_court.html

Solar Eclipses for Beginners free essay sample

An eclipse refers to the part of the earth covered by the penumbra outside the moons shadow when the moon runs between Earth and the Sun. When the Earth runs into the penumbra of the Moon, part of the Sun seen in this area is The moon obstructs the astronomical phenomenon. The eclipse is a common astronomical phenomenon. On June 2, 2011, Beijing time, a partial solar eclipse was observed in Northeast China.Partial solar eclipse is a phenomenon in which the moon forms a shadow on the earth between the earth and the sun. The shadow of the moon can be divided into three parts : umbra, penumbra and pseudo-umbra . The moons orbit around the earth and the earths orbit around the sun are not perfectly round. Therefore, the distance between the moon and the earth is close. Therefore, in the penumbra, the observer sees that the sun is partly covered by the moon and is called a partial eclipse. We will write a custom essay sample on Solar Eclipses for Beginners or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the solar eclipse, the observer sees that the sun is covered by the moon in the umbra range and is called the total solar eclipse; The next ring of light is called the solar eclipse.When the moon runs around the earth until the sun and the earth are almost co-occurring with the sun, the moon is not visible from Earth. At this time, it is known as the embarrassment. The solar eclipse occurs when the eclipse occurs. The cycle of crickets is approximately 29.53 days. But not every solar eclipse occurs every 29.53 days. The reason is that the orbital plane of the moon orbiting the earth does not completely coincide with the orbital plane of the earth orbiting the sun. There is an average angle of 5Â ° 9? between the moon. Therefore, the solar eclipse will occur only when the sun is within a certain angle from the intersection of the two orbital planes. Frequent causesIt is the most common solar eclipse phenomenon because both total solar eclipse or an annular eclipse or eclipse is more complex,In most areas other than the whole (loop) food zone and in the entire Japanese (circle) food zone, most of the time from the beginning of the loss to the time before the resumption of the round, all the eclipses were seen, and more eclipses were observed. It is only the shadow of the moon shadow or its extension line does not pass through the ground, but the penumbra outside the shadow of the moon passes through the ground, then only a partial eclipse on the ground.

Business Management and Leadership

Business Management and Leadership The following essay will entail an overview of the application of business management and leadership in a process of recruiting a manager to a service division of a newly found organization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Business Management and Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For any recruitment process to be successful, the company should build good relationships among the recruiters right from its foundation since the recruitment process should not be undertaken by a single individual (Clark, 2009; Amos, 2004). Now that our organization is new, it should start creating a firm foundation to ensure its recruitment program maintains quality through its future. Our client is new and very fast growing organization that is seeking to engage a dynamic and result oriented individual to oversee the operations of its service division that will lead to excellent customer services. The service division i s a new division in our organization and requires a dedicated person who will lay a strong foundation for the future of our organization. The suitable candidate to fill this position should be conceptual to enable him have a general overview of the organizations so that he can solve the problems facing the service division in manner that will benefit the organization (Higgins, 1994). The service division deals with customer issues, thus the individual should possess excellent communication skills to ensure efficiency when communicating with the clients. Communication is just one among the various interpersonal skills that we are looking for in the suitable candidate to fill this position. The manager will be having subordinate staff that without interpersonal skills, he may not be able to conduct this division as we want. Thus the manager should be the role model to his/her juniors through leading and motivating them as well as inspiring them, and creating trust among them. Above al l, the manager should be effective in his line of duty so that the rest may be equally productive since they are led without biasness (McNamara, 2011). Applicants for this position must have experience in the following areas.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Planning: This is required to enable the individual to come up with the organizations goals, missions and objectives and find means to accomplish them (Higgins, 1994). Organizing: Experience in organization will enable the manager to establish an organizational structure in this division. This will give him a better ground to distribute authority to his subordinates, so that he can be able to coordinate tasks and information within the department (Higgins, 1994). He should have experience in leadership since this will be the topmost position in this division and it will require quality leadership. Lead ership skills will enable the individual lead the staff into high productivity towards the company as they continue building their careers (Higgins, 1994). Controlling: This will enable the candidate always direct people towards firm objective, evaluate performance regularly and be able to take the necessary corrective and preventive measures (Higgins, 1994). The following are some of the questions that will be used in the interview to help identify the right candidate for this position Tell me something about yourself When working as a manager, do you prefer to be liked or feared? What relevant experience do you have in this field? Has anything ever irritated you at workplace and how did you handle it? Have you ever suggested something and it was implemented? Tell me something about team work In conclusion, the above preparation was very important in this process of recruiting since it will enable me settle down on the best candidate in this position. References Amos, J. (2004). Handling Tough Job Interviews: Be Prepared, Perform Well, and Get the Job. London, Oxford: Oxford. Clark, C. (2009). Creative Nursing Leadership and Management. Canada, Ontario: Jones Barlet. Higgins, J. (1994). Management Excel Teaching: The management Challenge. Ohio: Macmillan. McNamara, C. (n.d.). Organizational Change and Development. Retrieved from https://managementhelp.org/organizationalchange/index.htm

President James Madison Fast Facts

President James Madison Fast Facts James Madison (1751-1836) was Americas shortest president standing at only 54. He was very important in the founding of America. He was one of the three authors, including Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, of the Federalist papers which helped persuade states to ratify the Constitution. He was also the Father of the Constitution in that he was influential in its construction and terms.   This article provides a list of fast facts for James Madison. For more in depth information, you can also read the James Madison Biography. Birth: March 16, 1751 Death: June 28, 1836 Term of Office: March 4, 1809-March 3, 1817 Number of Terms Elected: 2 Terms First Lady: Dolley Payne Todd Nickname: Father of the Constitution James Madison Quote: Every word [of the Constitution] decides a question between power and liberty. Major Events While in Office: Non-Intercourse Act (1809-1810)War of 1812 (1812)Star Spangled Banner written by Francis Scott Key (1814)Treaty of Ghent (1814)Battle of New Orleans (1814)Hartford Convention (1814-1815)Second Bank of the United States Chartered (1816) States Entering Union While in Office: Louisiana (1812)Indiana (1816) Related James Madison Resources: These additional resources on James Madison can provide you with further information about the president and his times. James Madison BiographyTake a more in depth look at the fourth president of the United States through this biography. Youll learn about his childhood, family, early career, and the major events of his administration. War of 1812 ResourcesThe fledgling United States needed to flex its muscle one more time to convince Great Britain it was truly independent. Read about the people, places, battles, and events that proved to the world America was here to stay. War of 1812 TimelineThis timeline focuses on the events of the War of 1812. US Constitution FactsJames Madison was responsible for drafting much of the US Constitution. Here is an overview of major facts, and key points about this pivotal document. Revolutionary WarThe debate over the Revolutionary War as a true revolution will not be resolved. However, without this struggle America might still be part of the British Empire. Find out about the people, places, and events that shaped the revolution. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the Presidents, Vice-Presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: Thomas JeffersonJames MonroeList of American Presidents

How can we evolve through virtual augmentation Coursework

How can we evolve through virtual augmentation - Coursework Example Michael & Washburn outlines that technology is an improvement that is made on an already existing idea. Technology has greatly improved the intellectual and physical capability of human beings and has changed their lives, as well. The evolution of mankind has also changed people's attitudes, perceptions, and even lifestyle. For instance, life during the 18th century is very different from that of the 20th and 21st century. The main reason for this is because of people's needs, taste, and preference keep changing as the result of innovations and developments. According to Michael & Washburn, Change in worldviews is also evidence that mankind keeps evolving. In the ancient period, people always understood that they had a role to play in the society and everything they did was for the community. A child belonged to the community, and it was, therefore, the responsibility of every member of the community to take care of them. However, in the current society, individualism is the way of l ife and people seek to develop themselves rather than the society as a whole. Science fiction also has a role to play in man's evolution, and most innovations and inventions are attributed to science fiction. Science fiction has brought out the creativity in mankind as it prompted them to carry out experiments to prove the scientific concepts. In the process of carrying out these experiments, many other discoveries have been made some, which have been beneficial, and some harmful to mankind.

New York 16 oz. Soda Ban Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

New York 16 oz. Soda Ban - Research Paper Example As statistics show, Americans ingest approximately 55 billion liters of soda yearly, this add up to about 214 liters or 55 gallons per individual.2 This accounts for a large amount of sugary content consumed by one person considering the composition include high level of fructose corn syrup which not only is the top calories source but also the key cause of obesity. Lancet in his research on consumption of soda and childhood obesity demonstrated that: The 12 year olds who drank soft beverages regularly are usually overweight that those who don’t. Those that consume diet soda are indeed consuming poison, since diet soda compose of artificial sweeteners and not caloric sweeteners. They also do nothing to curb obesity, since diet soda and obesity are related in different ways .3 In the year 2010, USA researchers reported that 25,000 people who died were connected to sugary drinks; the beverages were linked with 133,000 victims died of diabetes, 6,000 victims died of cancer and 44,000 victims died of heart disease.4 Although industries involved in producing soft drinks would react against the Michael Bloomberg’s idea to impose a ban on sodas, with the belief that business is more important than the public’s health, they should however admit that a disease like obesity and diabetes is a key issue that not only affect their customers but the whole society at large. Sugar-sweetened drinks are the leading cause of obesity which awareness simply isn’t enough anymore. When we are serious about fighting obesity then we have to be honest about it and courageous about how to tackle it. We believe it is reasonable and responsible to draw a conclusion.5 People’s freedom of choice is also affected. The society, a vehicle of tax of tax payers, who in return have to perform their duty, the score of it helping to cater for medical costs are liked with diseases like obesity, disability and overweight, not forgetting expenses in their

Pepsi saudi Essay Example for Free

Pepsi saudi Essay The Saudi industrial projects company and (SIPCO) and the Saudi fruit juice and beverage industry (SFJBI) emerged as one operating entity in 2002, but prior to that, Pepsi Saudi had operated in the kingdom for many decades. The acquisition amount was not publicized and this writer does not have privilege to that information, however industry insiders lauded the acquisition as a significant milestone in the western region of the kingdom. The reasoning behind the merger was the continuing of production of superior product and better product to the customers. Pepsi Saudi has dominated the  soft drink industry in the kingdom for over 50 years , and it did not want that to change. After the merger Pepsi Saudi decided to adopt the Balanced Scorecard management system in order to help the organization to stay on top of the soft drink industry and provide better products to its customers. MISSION AND VISION: To manufacturing and distribute the best Pepsi coal beverage-beverages . To continue to offer the best carbonated soft drinks and non carbonated soft beverages under various labels label, including Pepsi, diet Pepsi, Pepsi lime, Mountain Dew, Sierra Mist, Aquafina,  7up, Dr Pepper. To maintain and expand customer base with the best possible products. (Organizational documents). In order to accomplish these goals Pepsi Saudi management opted to implement the BSC business approach, with emphasizes on the equalization of financial goals with customer satisfaction goals, and training and employee retention efforts. The management reasoned that with equal balance of those key objectives, the organization would be able to maintain and ultimately surpass its customer base, and also sustain its frontal position in the industry. The management concluded that if it were able to retain superior customer advantage and stay in front of their competition with superior products, it would eventually translate those to financial advantage. Presently the organization is feverishly pursuing the acquisition of new customers while it holds on to its core base. It has launched intensive ad campaigns featuring youth activities, and other popular events such as soccer, and ads with focus on young adults, weddings and intimate family programs. It has launched the popular Pepsi max, with men in min. it also launched  an entirely new look for the 7up. But most importantly, according to Zawya. com (March 29, 2006) Pepsi has elevated its market share to 70% in the UAE. And a significant majority of its 2,246 employees are reportedly in total support of the BSC management system. The entire organization is focused on the production of superior soft drinks, and the satisfaction of its customers as well as the retention of the employees who have helped it to come so far. The employees are competently trained in the BSC system, so cascading could only be an advantage, because of the determination of Pepsi  management to give the employees an efficient training in the BSC system. And the claim of 70% market share is an indication of the outstanding employee performance that has been evident following the implementation of the balance scorecard system. The organization takes its responsibilities to young people quite seriously. It has donated significant amounts of money to socially responsible youth events, and has contributed to health provisions and management in areas that needs the support in the kingdom and outside the kingdom.

Human Resources at John Lewis use labour market information to help :: Human Resources Essays

Human Resources at John Lewis use labour market information to help them with there HR planning Task 3 Human Resources at John Lewis use labour market information to help them with there HR planning. The information allows us to look at local employment trends so they can indicate the availability of labour in certain areas, so they can see whether it is in fact easy or difficult to hire .It also can be used to see whether a large company has made employees redundant which means there will be more workers available with the skills that could be transferable to the job. Local skills shortages is another piece of valid information that Hr department find valuable as they can expand their own training schemes for employees to build up their skills. Hr feel that coming together with fellow companies and employers in the area in which is in a similar industry, can support local schools and colleges so that people can develop their skills early on. Competition for employees is important for Hr to be aware of, as they will want know whether fellow competitors are enlarging the company and will in turn have a larger demand for labour. Human resources use this information inparticualr to overview the level of unemployment within certain regions and areas. Through this there will be a higher availability of labour, and so more people can commute easily the work place. This also depends on the regions statistics, age distribution, attitudes to women working and to the extent to which young people stay at school, college or go to higher education. John Lewis’s Hr department also look at internal labour market statistics to help them develop the business. It is important to overview labour turnover as it allows them to forecast for the future, for if staff turnover is high they must recognise why this is so and then make changes to keep staff. However in some ways companies can take advantage of staff turnover as they can see it as an opening for promotions and fresh ideas from new staff. Yet at the same time losing staff is cost effective to the company as they will lose the skills and retrain new employees. Human resources feel that it is important to keep a record of the companies sickness and accident rates. This means holding records of the companies notified absences, absences due to sickness and unauthorised absences. Through this they can take a statistical analysis and use the information to identify any particular problems with a specific or group of employees. However HR then look at whether absences are due to sickness or are unauthorised.

Great Gatsby Essay Essay

This quarter I read The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby is a fiction novel published in 1925. It takes place in New York, 1922 and follows the story of a great man named Gatsby. Although Gatsby is the main character, the book is in perspective and supposedly written by Nick Carraway, a friend of Gatsby. This novel has a very developing story line that hits all kinds of moods, happy, sad, and mysterious. The main character of this story is Jay Gatsby, whose real name is actually James Gatz. Gatsby is a very wealthy man, he has a huge mansion and hosts great parties that attract very famous and respected individuals. Gatsby’s fortune is a mystery to everyone; he tells different people different stories. Gatsby starts the story as a very smooth and intelligent man, who has seemed to have done great things in life. As the story ends, Gatsby starts to lose his suave behavior because he has lost the one he loves. Gatsby does the right thing towards the end of the story when he realizes that Daisy will not be in his life. Gatsby decides to take a swim in his pool, which he has never done before. I think this symbolizes him letting go of his dream to be with Daisy, which makes it okay for him to die. I can relate to Gatsby in the sense that he does everything he possibly can to win over one girl. I think that that shows true ambition, which I see a lot of in myself. Other characters in this novel include; Nick Carraway, Tom & Daisy Buchannan, Jordan Baker, and George & Myrtle Wilson. Nick Carraway is the narrator of the story, he is a wholesome young man who is fascinated by Gatsby, and becomes one of his greatest friends. Nick meets Jordan Baker, a famous golfer, and dates her for some time. Daisy Buchannan is the woman that Gatsby is in love with, but she is married to Tom Buchannan. Tom Buchannan is a successful man who is determined to not let Gatsby get in the way of his marriage, although Tom is seeing someone else: Myrtle Wilson. Myrtle is married to George; they own a car maintenance shop. Myrtle ends up dying at the hands of Daisy, but Gatsby takes the blame and is later killed by George Wilson. The setting of this story is in the heart of the roaring twenties. It takes place in New York City and Long Island, in the summer of 1922. The author really produces a visual scene when describing Gatsby’s parties, and his mansion. It has helped me to understand the glamour of this time period. On one particular day in the story, it is the hottest day of the summer; this is also the day that the climax of the story takes placing. I think that the author’s description of the heat added a very dramatic and relatable affect to the story and scene. It was very exciting to picture New York City and some of its residents in the time period. I think the author shows the reader a few different themes and meanings in his story. One of these themes is the spirit of the twenties. I think the author really wanted to show the reader the true glamour and style of the twenties. During this time period, everyone’s goal was to fulfill the â€Å"American Dream. † In this story, Gatsby both fulfills and doesn’t fulfill the American dream. Yes, Gatsby is popular and wealthy, and the talk of the town, but he doesn’t have the love of his life, and his fortune was created through scam and illegal distribution of alcohol, which doesn’t show to be impressive. I think that the main theme of this story is about the consequences of your past while aspiring for the future. Daisy is in love with Gatsby and his fortune but the fact that he is a bootlegger does not impress her enough to be with him. This story has encouraged me to strive towards a life with meaning, and happiness within myself. The Great Gatsby starts with Nick Carraway, who has recently moved to New York and is neighbors with Gatsby. One night, Nick visits with his cousin Daisy, and her husband Tom Buchannan. There he meets Jordan Baker, whom which he later has a romance with. During his time spent with the three of them, Nick learns that Daisy is unhappy in her marriage and that Tom is seeing another woman. When Nick gets home that night, he sees Gatsby standing in his (Gatsby’s) yard, staring off a green light, which is the Buchannan home. This moment in the story is an example of symbolism, since Gatsby is not aware yet that that is where Daisy lives. Nick becomes good friends with Tom and later meets his girlfriend, Myrtle Wilson, and stays for a party at their apartment on night in New York City. Eventually, Nick gets invited for the first time to one of Gatsby’s parties. There he sees Jordan Baker and spends most of his night with her. He is later introduced to Gatsby who shows courtesy and charm to Nick, they become friends. One day when Nick meets with Jordan and Gatsby, he becomes aware of Gatsby’s love for Daisy. Nick agrees to have Daisy over for tea with Gatsby. When that day comes, it is clear that Gatsby and Daisy are still in love and they begin their affair. Gatsby gives up his parties and house servants because Daisy does not approve. I believe the climax of the story to be the very hot summer day where Gatsby makes his confrontation to Tom Buchannan. Nick, Jordan, Daisy, Tom, and Gatsby all rent a suite in a hotel in New York City, this is where Gatsby proclaims his love for Daisy and Daisy tells Tom she never loved him. Tom tries to sell Gatsby out by revealing his ways of obtaining his fortune. Daisy gets upset and admits to the lie she told Tom. Daisy and Gatsby drive home together and on their way, Daisy hits and kills Myrtle with Gatsby’s car. Tom and the others see the accident on their drive home but they are not aware that it was Daisy who killed Myrtle, because Gatsby takes the blame. Daisy decides to stay with Tom, and leave Gatsby be. Meanwhile, Tom tells Myrtle’s husband, George, that it was Gatsby who killed his wife. George finds Gatsby and shoots him while Gatsby is enjoying himself in his swimming pool. Nick, being Gatsby’s best friend, is left to deal with the funeral. He tries desperately to get people to come to Gatsby’s funeral, but no one will. Gatsby’s dad is the only one who shows and he shares memories of Gatsby with Nick. At the beginning of the story, Nick Carraway did not approve of Gatsby’s doings but as the ending resolves, Nick greatly admires Gatsby and the man he was. I enjoyed reading The Great Gatsby. The first time reading this book from cover to cover, it was just a story, but as I wrote this essay and evaluated the characters, I saw so much more meaning behind it. I liked that this book was not cheesy in any sense, and that it takes a talented reader to fully understand its concept. It was challenging at times, and I had to read it slowly, but it paid off. The story’s ending was great. It was sad that Gatsby died, but it was an inevitable event, considering the fact that Gatsby spent his life trying to impress the one girl he loved, who in turn, turned him down.

Godfather Goodfellas Essay

The Godfather and Goodfellas are both considered â€Å"mafia movies. † Both of these films portray some form of organized crime committed by Italians. They mutually romanticize the mob lifestyle and depict it with pure clarity. Although both of these movies portray the lives of the same kind of people, they are more than just a simple characterization. Violence plays a major role in each of these films. The Godfather and Goodfellas are obviously very similar. However, they also have several aspects that differ from one another. In both The Godfather and Goodfellas, violence penetrates the daily lives of both Henry Hill and Michael Corleone.Although violence is a key factor of each of the movies, Goodfellas is more brutal in comparison to The Godfather. In the film Goodfellas, Henry Hill was exposed to the gangster lifestyle since he was very young. In the film Henry says, â€Å"As far back as I can remember, I wanted to be a gangster. † His out-of-control partner, Tommy is one of the most violent characters in the film. Blood shed is frequently joked about in this movie. In one of the scenes, Tommy was telling a story in a restaurant. After the story Henry laughs and tells Tommy that he is funny.Upon hearing this, Tommy gets defensive and loses his temper. For a moment Henry is nervous because he knows Tommy’s violent personality. However, he realizes that hw is joking and they all laugh about it. Tommy proceeds to wave his gun around and joke about killing Henry. This scene proves that murder is taken lightly in this movie. Another violent act is when Tommy brutally beats a mobster named Billy Batts to death. He kills Billy for insulting him about his younger years as a shoe shine boy. In this scene even Henry looks appalled. Tommy shows no remorse as they hide the evidence of Batts’ body.He continues to surprise the characters with his short temperedness and violence. Another shocking vicious act is when he kills Spider because he was disrespecting him. This scene leaves both the viewers the characters in the film appalled. There are many scenes in Goodfellas with a great deal of blood shed. Many of these murders happen spontaneously and are not organized. Some of these scenes are shocking, primeval, and appalling. These moments leave the viewers stunned and disoriented. Unlike Goodfellas, the violence in The Godfather occurs mysteriously and almost magically.The organized crimes and murders simply occur without any mistake in this film. One of the bloody scenes that portray this is the one where Woltz’ bed is covered in blood. This scene was very slick the way Tom Hagen slipped away without being noticed by anyone. Hagen’s visit was to intimidate Woltz by proving that if he had to kill him, he would be able to. Another very violent act was Sonny’s death. This plan was organized carefully by Don Emilio Varzini with the help of Carlo Rizzi, his brother-in-law. Earlier in the film Sonny had beaten Carlo after he heard Carlo was abusing his sister Connie.To get back at him, Carlo viciously beats Connie using his belt. When Sonny hears of this he speeds to Connie’s apartment. As he approaches, Barzini’s men surround Sonny and viciously shoot him to death. This act was also thought out very cautiously by masterminds. Towards the end of the movie, the planned killing of the five other mob leaders is revealed. Michael orders all of the head of the families to be killed so he can be the top Don. Although this scene is violent, it is masked by the ceremony of Michael becoming Connie’s son’s godfather.The mass murder was perfectly planned to take place at the right time and place. Every slaughter and violent act in The Godfather is carefully intentional and prearranged by their specific mastermind. Unlike The Godfather which portrays Mafia dons, Goodfellas shows the lives of the criminals who exist on a lower level. Both Henry Hill and Michael Corl eone face murders and beatings every day. Goodfellas is more upfront and brutal towards violence in comparison to The Godfather. The violent acts in Goodfellas are appalling and unpredictable.It perfectly portrays the ferociousness of the characters, specifically Tommy. Unlike Goodfellas’ obviously violent and vicious blood scenes, The Godfather is more sneaky and slick. The violence in this movie, while prevalent, is well masked and planned. Each murder was clearly thought out and intentional. Violence is one of the key components in a mobster’s life. The characters in both The Godfather and Goodfellas face murder in their mob lifestyles frequently. Although violence is dominant in both of these films, each film has a different way of portraying these bloody scenes.

Free Essays on Womans Suffrage

There where many differences between the reformist and radical woman’s suffrage movements at the turn of the century. The reformist suffrage movement was known as the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and was run by Carrie Chapman Catt. The radical suffrage was call the National Woman’s Party (NWP) and was headed by Alice Paul. Although both groups worked hard to get woman the right to vote, they want about it in very different ways. The NAWSA was formed in 1890 with the union of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). The NAWSA separated the traditional association of woman’s rights with the rights of blacks in order to gain support in the South without much success. Carrie Chapman Catt gained the presidency of the NAWSA in 1900, and attempted to appear more conservative by developing â€Å"the society plan† which tried to recruit college educated and politically influential woman into the woman’s movement. Catt resigned as president in 1904 to care for her sick husband but returned to the presidency of the NAWSA in 1915. In 1912 the progressive movement gave the NAWSA new life when labor, trade unions, socialists, and working woman started to back the woman’s suffrage movement. The cotton and liquor industries try to weaken progressivism and woman’s suffrage. Catt wanted to use state level organizations and tough neg otiation in order to convince President Wilson and individual states to support the woman’s suffrage movement. Catt set aside her pacifist views and supported the war effort in World War I in order to gain political leverage for the NAWSA. Catt remanded non-partisan in her efforts towards woman’s suffrage and was willing to fight the long fight in order to obtain her goals. Alice Paul started the National Woman’s Party (NWP), after returning from working on woman’s suffrage in Britain. The NWP was a much more radical grou... Free Essays on Womans Suffrage Free Essays on Womans Suffrage There where many differences between the reformist and radical woman’s suffrage movements at the turn of the century. The reformist suffrage movement was known as the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and was run by Carrie Chapman Catt. The radical suffrage was call the National Woman’s Party (NWP) and was headed by Alice Paul. Although both groups worked hard to get woman the right to vote, they want about it in very different ways. The NAWSA was formed in 1890 with the union of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). The NAWSA separated the traditional association of woman’s rights with the rights of blacks in order to gain support in the South without much success. Carrie Chapman Catt gained the presidency of the NAWSA in 1900, and attempted to appear more conservative by developing â€Å"the society plan† which tried to recruit college educated and politically influential woman into the woman’s movement. Catt resigned as president in 1904 to care for her sick husband but returned to the presidency of the NAWSA in 1915. In 1912 the progressive movement gave the NAWSA new life when labor, trade unions, socialists, and working woman started to back the woman’s suffrage movement. The cotton and liquor industries try to weaken progressivism and woman’s suffrage. Catt wanted to use state level organizations and tough neg otiation in order to convince President Wilson and individual states to support the woman’s suffrage movement. Catt set aside her pacifist views and supported the war effort in World War I in order to gain political leverage for the NAWSA. Catt remanded non-partisan in her efforts towards woman’s suffrage and was willing to fight the long fight in order to obtain her goals. Alice Paul started the National Woman’s Party (NWP), after returning from working on woman’s suffrage in Britain. The NWP was a much more radical grou...

A grade AS English Language Commentary example

I wrote a speech directed at college students persuading them to think about the importance of being healthy. I was inspired by the use of rhetorical questions used in Tim Ryan’s ‘Draft’. For example in the first paragraph I say ‘so is that all? Is that the definition of health? This causes the listener to think about what I’m saying which links to my target audience as young people can often lose interest during long spoken dialogue. By doing this I am keeping their attention. I used a large amount of pronouns similar to Barack Obama’s 2012 Victory Speech. Examples of this are ‘our, ‘we’ve and ‘ourselves’. The possessive personal plural pronouns create the impression that I am in the same situation and share points the view of the listener. This is effective because young people don’t like to be segregated or talked down to. By including myself in the points made I make the speech more relatable. Syntactic parallelism is a feature in Tim Ryans ‘Draft’ that I have taken inspiration from. This is shown in my speech in the opening paragraph, ‘This is not a lecture. This is not a five point analysis with acronyms and flashy PowerPoints ’ . By repeating the words ‘this is not’ at the start of each sentence, rules out negative possibilities based on their previous experiences. Similar to in Alexander Stephens ‘Succession is Height of Madness’ imagery is used in my speech. For example, ‘†¦ anorexic teenagers but have we not been fed piles and piles of information†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ the adjective ‘anorexic’ contrasts with the verb phrase ‘been fed’ and the metaphorical use of ‘fed piles of information’ which link back to the concept of health. This relates to my target audience as they like to use their imagination to make things more interesting and engaging. I have used pragmatics in my speech to gain support in my argument. For example, I used ‘ping’, BB’ and the phrase ‘Google it’ a noun which has been changed by young people into a verb. This is effective in emphasising that my speech relates to my target audience. Phonologically, I put stress on the modal auxiliary ‘will’ to add dynamic to the tone and create a sense of urgency to persuade my target audience that it is a problem that needs to be solved. Repetition, a dominant feature in persuasive speeches, appears in all my style models including Franklin Roosevelt’s Inaugural Speech. I repeated the abstract noun ‘health’. For example, ‘our health’ and ‘definition of health’ allow me to address that health is the central topic in my speech. Repetition is effective in my speech as it’s a popular way of learning and creating habits. I changed some words during the editing process of my speech because feedback from my teacher showed that some of my lexis was inappropriate like ‘obtuse’ which I change to ‘unattainable’ and ‘mankind’ which changed to ‘people’. This is better for college students as it’s lexis that is used and understood by them.

Research Paragraph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Paragraph - Essay Example These statistics add up to the fact that Virginia has the eighth lowest unemployment rate in the nation and the Richmond metropolitan area has the third lowest rate of the 49 largest metropolitan areas in the United States (Blackwell, 2007). Anyone considering locating in Virginia can have some confidence that they will meet an expanding labor market. When it comes to finding a job, along with a degree or a professional diploma the job seeker will need to possess the desired workplace skills. A recent study by The Conference Board titled "Are They Really Ready to Work" outlined the qualities that potential employers look for in their applicants. The report pointed out that while the 3Rs (reading, writing, and arithmetic) are still important, there are other traits that are just as necessary. Oral communications, teamwork, ethics, and critical thinking were at the top of the list of skills needed to succeed in today's workplace. Leadership was also cited by 81.8 percent as "very important for new entrants with a four-year college diploma" (p.14). While a four-year diploma has become almost mandatory for any position in the economy, employers are finding that many degree holders do not measure up.

Aircraft engineering essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aircraft engineering - Essay Example 129-132). With these definitions, the paper shall look at the differences that exist between a degree program and a training course while examining the professional development that is needed for one to prepare him or herself for a degree program.. Hence, this is a vital topic that shall help explain and clear out the thoughts in a way or the other where possible. A great feature of degree programs is their generality. They tend to teach the student a collection of knowledge that is diverse in the concept it avails. Thus, it is up to the student to determine the place he or she will obtain the degree program. A degree program needs a student who has passed in all of his or her previous modes of study. Thus, there is a procedure that is followed, which requires him or her to show that what he or she has achieved academically is true. Thus, degree programs include courses in education that avail a large array of certain subjects. The person has to make a decision for wanting to pursue a certain degree program. Training courses tend to be specific in terms of what they cover unlike degree programs that are general. The specificity of training programs make them unique to a certain group of people. By being particular, training courses differ from degree programs as their coverage is minimised. However, it depends on training that is being offered, unlike in degree programs where training is availed for multiple things that will help an individual to be an all-round person who is knowledgeable and ready for so many differing aspects in life. The specificity of training courses is determined by the aim, the role, and the problem to be solved. This is not the same for degree programs because it is stipulated that people follow a specific curriculum and complete a certain number of subjects as required in the degree program. Due to the differences in the specificity and generalization of the training courses and degree programs, the number of

Social responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social responsibility - Essay Example This would mean that such businesses would do anything to evade the monolithic trends, which could be adversarial economically. Usually, a number of corporates engage in social responsibilities for their own reasons, even if the motives behind their participations raise questions. As a way of showing charity and concern for the surrounding community, most corporates participate in certain social responsibility programs in which they too stand to gain. In essence, the main motivation behind the participation in corporate social responsibilities for most corporates include gaining public trust, indicating business diplomacy, and as a way of looking into the welfare of the employees. Perhaps it is important to reveal that these corporates merely masquerade under the guise of such virtues while their main objective in this course is to set a defensive maneuver against a wide array of critics as to the manner in which they make profits. In ardent efforts to protect their profits, these big companies stage-manage their social responsibility programs as to paint a self-righteous light in the public gallery while in real sense they run the risk of being perceived as being self-conscious. Since the competition in the corporate world is rather heightened, most corporates come up with various strategies including the nonprofit approach towards certain aspects of their businesses. This could be because of either flopping in the market or simply trying to settle business scores. Nonetheless, it is incumbent upon organizations to show that they care about the public and that their efforts are not only reflected in the huge protest that they make but instead incorporating social responsibility into their management plans. In the contemporary world, Marxism is the way to go for the corporates as capitalism only erodes the integrity of the companies. This means that a good company in social

‘Fair Dealing’ Defences in UK Copyright Law: An Analysis

‘Fair Dealing’ Defences in UK Copyright Law: An Analysis â€Å"The ‘fair dealing’ defences occupy a pivotal position in copyright law. They ensure a balance between the interest of the copyright owner in securing a just return on creative work and the public interest in ensuring that intellectual property does not impede the flow of ideas and information.† J Griffiths Preserving Judicial Freedom of Movement –Interpreting Fair Dealing In Copyright Law IPQ 2000, 2,2 164-186. To what extent do you consider that the fair dealing provisions and the supporting case law provide a desirable and consistent balance between these interests? This paper will criticize the restrictive approach of ‘fair dealing’ defences in UK copyright law. American copyright law will be examined in comparison to discuss the alternative attitudes towards ‘fair dealing’ defences in infringement disputes. Changes to the rule will be proposed and discussed to demonstrate how the current copyright defence can be improved to maintain the balance of protecting intellectual property and freedom of information. Fair Dealing defences which are used against copyright infringement cases raise important philosophical issues at the heart of Intellectual Property. There is a need for society to share and build on existing knowledge for progress. For example it can be argued the need to allow freedom of expression, is ‘more than necessary to incentivise creative expression in the first place.’[1] Fair dealing defences attempt to mediate between the fine line of the commercial proprietary rights granted through copyright and the legitimate public use of material in good faith, to teach, educate and share cultural works. Thus there is a fundamental dichotomy between the free expression of ideas in the public domain and the rightful protection of creative works which use such knowledge and information. This is termed the ‘idea-expression divide.’[2] Kretschmer [3] argues against the concept of copyright, due to its capacity to act as an ‘artificial barrier’[4] i mpeding the exchange of ideas in society. One explanation behind such divisions can be suggested to lie in the historical Lockean conceptualization of property. This is defined negatively creating ‘rights to exclude access.’[5] This ‘absolutist conception of property rights’[6] allows the creators to exploit and monopolize economic, cultural production at the expense of fair uses in the public interest and freedom of expression. But there are those who support the rights of the author. For example the French system of droit d’auteur enables an artist to control how their work is distributed in the market. While concerned about economic exploitation of work, moral rights also ensure the author has rights to protect the integrity of a work. Thus the British concept of fair dealing defences must balance these conflicting tensions. British copyright law protects the manner of expression or form of the idea, not the idea itself. A book can be protected but not the actual underlying ideas and themes conveyed in the written text. This was stated in the case of Donoghue[7] where the judge held ‘the person who has clothed the idea in form, whether by means of a picture, a play or book’ will enjoy the benefits of copyright protection. Fair Dealing in UK copyright law is a defence under Sections 28-76 of the CDPA 1988[8]. The legislation provides for a set of prescribed circumstances, where reproductions of copyright material will not be considered an infringement. Fair dealing is outlined in sections 20-30. There are three categories where copying can be considered a fair action to take when using copyright protected material. They are 1) for research and private study under section 29; 2) for criticism and review in section 30; and 3) reporting current events under section 31. It must be noted that the legislation provides no clear definition of what constitutes fair use of material which attracts copyright. Thus the act restricts the defence to the non exclusive purposes as stated above. One reason for restricting fair use to a number of permitted acts enables the judge to consider other factors which are unique to the case itself. Fair dealing in this sense is shaped in the UK by judges as a ‘matter of im pression’[9] on a case by case basis. The scope of fair dealing was clarified by Lord Denning in Hubbard v. Vosper. [10] This case suggested certain criteria to be considered by the judge in order to determine whether fair use can be permitted in different situations involving the use of copyrighted material. Denning outlined considerations, such as the frequency and extent of quotations, and subsequently the nature of using quotations. Denning states in response to this test, ‘If they are used as a basis of comment, criticism or review that may be fair dealing. If they are used to convey the same information for a rival purpose, they may be unfair.’ Another rule of thumb is the extent of the quotation within copyrighted work. This considers the size of the actual quote used and its justified proportions in fair use. For example Denning suggests ‘to take long extracts and attach short commentary maybe unfair.’ Each case of infringement is judged by objective standards, through the eyes of an hon est person as to whether they would have dealt with the protected material in the same way as the infringer has acted. Existing fair dealing case law, only serves to highlight the ambiguity of the defence under English law. It is difficult to provide a desirable balance which protects the exclusive rights of the copyright holder but maintain a consistent approach which provides certainty to use material which is permitted in law. For example the purposes of legitimate research, the courts will not allow commercial research if it is used to produce a competing product or work. This was highlighted in the case of Time Out.[11] It can be suggested large amounts of copying will be allowed for private research and study in the eyes of the law. Academics argue in this context fair dealing functions to enable freedom of individual research and study. To require and enforce protective measures to prevent the use of copyrighted material is impractical and uneconomic. It is argued copyright should not be used as a bar to those who wish to use the work in their own studies. Torremans argues copyright property rhetoric should not be allowed to supersede important value of free ideas. For example ‘copyright should not become a financial and practical obstructing barrier. There needs to be a balance between the interests of the copyright owners and society in the good functioning of the copyright system and the inter est of society for its development.’[12] It can be suggested this same line of reasoning underpins the fair dealing doctrine for educational purposes. Copying is permitted for intellectual property in dramatic, literary, artistic or musical work for purposes of instruction. Thus a student would be allowed to copy a part of an academic article in order to support their research or point of view in an essay. Under the category of infringing material for the purposes of criticism and review, it has been established that infringement will not occur if there is adequate acknowledgement of the author, the title or description of work is made available, as held in the case of Sillitoe.[13] Fair dealing was extended in the case of Pro Sieben Media AG [14] which held criticism of work can be fair, even if including the ideas in a work to discuss its ethical implications. The case stated that the ‘defence is limited to criticizing or reviewing that or another work or a performance of a work.’ The function of the defence is to allow a critic a sensible degree of leeway to conduct a review of the work. The courts stated the use of infringing material in a documentary was ‘a genuine piece of criticism and review rather than an attempt to dress ordinary copyright infringement up as criticism.’[15] This case suggests it is fair to critically treat copyrighted material using the ideas within the work. But crucially ‘the defence does not cover those cases where only ideas, doctrine, philosophy and events are criticized.’ [16] Therefore the fair dealing doctrine is narrow in scope, restricted only to the fair use for the purposes of critical review. This case been criticized by Torremans who has argued it is not sufficient to rely on the infringers ‘sincere belief’ they are conducting fair criticism. There is an imbalance for those to wishing to exploit the fine line and cynically infringe work and simply claim the fair dealing defence for the purpose of criticism and review. It can be suggested in comparison to US legal ‘multi – purpose’[17] concept of fair use, the UK fair dealing doctrine is too restrictive in scope and interpretation. The UK is restrictive because the CDPA legislates three categories of permitted copying under the fair dealing defences, which are determined on a case by case basis of the judge. Thus anything else will be uncovered by the doctrine. The American legal system in contrast uses four standard ‘balancing’[18] tests to determine the extent of copying protected material which is covered under the fair use doctrine. The fair use doctrine is a wider and more flexible legal concept to balance the ‘idea-expression’ division in intellectual property. Under the American Copyright Act 1976 17 U.S.C Section 107 states: ‘In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include- 1.the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or it is for non profit educational purposes; 2.the nature of the copyrighted work; 3.the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole, and 4.the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.’ The fair use doctrine is not defined within the statute, it is left open to broad interpretation by judicial opinion. This ensures a degree of flexibility for the continued transmission of ideas in society. This for example can be seen when analyzing the primary factor of purpose and character. The concept of fair use rests on the idea of limited ‘transformative use’[19] for similar purposes of educating, parody or comment. The standard allows the courts to asses whether the use is fair and justified. It also requires the burden of proof on the infringer to ‘demonstrate how the consideration is the extent to which the use is interpreted as transformative as opposed to merely derivative.’[20] This point of law was considered in cases such as Mattel Inc.[21] The toy company lost the claim against an artist who parodied the iconic â€Å"Barbie† doll figure in a non derivative manner. The doll was used in an entirely different context which defeated the c opyright infringement claim. Secondly the benefits of American fair use can be seen when considering the nature of the work. The standard allows for the distinction between created work and factual information which serves the public through its dissemination into the open arena. It is argued there is more ‘leeway’[22] to copy factual material. This provision directly allows the courts to ‘prevent the private ownership of work that rightfully belongs in the public domain, as facts and ideas are separate from copyright.’[23] This was held to be the case in Time Inc [24]concerning the public interest of the film depicting the assignation of President Kennedy. The social need to keep this in the public domain was greater than the commercial need to uphold the copyright in the film footage. The third factor assessing the amount and substantiality of the original copied work is a more troublesome standard to determine in the courts. For example the issue of sampling in hip hop music, which reclaims existing music and uses it to create a new track, was litigated. Here the courts have been unusually strict seen in the decision Grand.[25] The case enforced the copyright of a Gilbert O’Sullivan song and lead to the restrictive requirement of licensing samples of music from the copyright owner, if the sample if substantially recognizable. The fourth factor of investigating the effect upon the work’s value attempts to quantify the commercial impact infringement has had on the protected material. The ‘Betamax’[26] case involved the copyright owner Universal loosing the infringement claim as it could not prove with any reliable evidence that the Betamax technology had dented the commercial broadcaster’s profits. Such an approach allows the courts to factor in alleged market harm to copyrighted material, and give equal consideration to economic concerns of the rights holder to make a fully informed assessment of the situation. These four non exclusive factors provide enough flexibility for judicial opinion to consider other important considerations in relation to each individual case of infringement. In addition flexibility is encouraged as the fair use doctrine is a positive ‘defense to copyright, which means if the defendants actions do not constitute and infringements of the plaintiffs rights, fair use does not even arise as an issue.’[27] Thus a broader view is established in the US system. You do not need the consent of the copyright owner under American law to engage in fair use of material which attracts copyright. However further criticism of the UK approach to fair dealing arises in the wider context of digital copying technology and file sharing. The doctrine is made to look ineffective, mainly through the botched nature of the UK implementation of the EU Directives on the Information Society. This paper believes it is necessary to resolve these problems and rethink the traditional approach to copyright infringement in a digital environment. The aim to balance the conflicting factors of the author’s rights and the need to allow the free exchange of knowledge in society is harder to perform with widespread digital copying. But it is possible through Digital Management Systems, to distribute copyrighted content through technology which limits the capacity to duplicate files by the consumer. Despite DMS, this paper believes the frequency and simplicity of replication facilitated through digital technology far outweighs such content managed systems that use inbuilt licensing restrictions. For example peer 2 peer file sharing and online digital content has facilitated the exchange of copyrighted music in huge numbers among users of a globalised network on the internet. It can be suggested that the UK’s implementation of the EU Information and Society Directive (2001) shows how outdated the present conception of fair dealing defences are. Article 5 deals with the exceptions and limitations to the use of copyright, in order to harmonize European policy. Under Article 5(5) a ‘draconian’[28] three step test is used to assess any infringement exceptions in special cases. This section is to be ‘applied if they do not conflict with normal exploitation of the work and if the exception does not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the rights holder.’[29]Critics suggest this is an even stricter standard providing no fair use for ‘copy protected on demand services.’[30] Critics view the directive to mistakenly allow principles of freedom of expression to be ‘handed over to the rights owner.’[31] For example under article 6(4) availability of research material through on-demand services c an be contractually blocked by the copyright holder. This has major repercussions for the role of UK fair dealing defences as it renders the doctrine ineffective in the digital arena. Kretschmer worries this amounts to a ‘possibility of perpetual copyright.’[32] In addition to this under 5(1), the directive provides for technical exceptions which involve necessary copying for technological process and digital content. Temporary reproductions such as the cache of files within a browser which copy files of data will not infringe copyright as such acts are ‘incidental and should have no economic significance.’[33] In light of such developments it can be suggested there is a need to find alternative solutions to reward copyright owners interest within a digital context. There is a need for copyright to ‘generate new resources of remuneration’[34] for rights owners instead of functioning in a prohibitive manner. Kretschmer proposes alternative system of royalties to be used to compensate owners who can not stem the tide of digital copying. For example ‘a small royalty percentage on content traffic revenues from ISP’s would have been the obvious legal innovation.’[35] Such novel solutions are needed in order to successfully balance the freedom of information with traditional copyright interests. In conclusion this paper argues for the need to make changes and decided upon pragmatic alternative solutions to the current legal situation. Fair dealing should be redefined to enable copyright infringement defences take into account the development of digital content. It can be suggested to ensure greater flexibility the UK should adopt the wider US fair use doctrinal approach to defending infringement. Legislation should widen the scope of fair dealing through standard factor based tests. Adopting such standards would promote a liberal approach to asses the degree and nature of infringement. This is needed to make sure the vital balancing act of competing ideological tensions continue within intellectual property law. Bibliography Klang Murray (eds) Human Rights in the Digital Age, 2005 Cavendish Lloyd, Information Technology Law 4th Ed, 2004 ,OUP Bently Sherman, Intellectual Property Law, 2nd Ed, 2004, Oxford Holyoak Torremans, Intellectual Property Law, 3rd Ed, 2001, Butterworths Intellectual Property Law, Fourth Edition 2004, Cavendish Publishing J Griffiths, Preserving Judicial Freedom of Movement –Interpreting Fair Dealing In Copyright Law IPQ 2000, 2,2 164-186 M. Kretschmer, Digital Copyright: End of an Era, 2003 www.cippm.org.co.uk Joint Information Systems Committee and Publishers Association, Guidelines for Fair Dealing in An Electronic Environment, 1998, www.ukonln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/pa/fair/intro.html R. Buchan, Fair Picture, Guidance from the English High Court on Fair Dealing for the Purpose of Criticism and Review, as Applied to Copyright Material, The Journal of Law and Society, August 2005, Page 52, www.journalonline.co.uk/article/1002090.aspx 1 Footnotes [1] W. Landes and R. Posner, An Economic Analysis Of Copyright Law, (1989) 18 Journal of Legal Studies, 325-366 [2] Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/idea-expression_divide [3] www.cippm.org.uk, M. Kretschmer, Digital Copyright: The End of An Era [4] http:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/copyright/fair_use_and_fair_dealing [5] www.cippm.org.uk, M. Kretschmer, Digital Copyright: The End of An Era [6] as above [7] Donoghue v Allied Newspapers Limited (1938) Ch 106 [8] Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988 [9] Lord Denning Hubbard v. Vosper (1972) 2 QB 84 1 All ER [10] Hubbard V Vosper (1972) 2 QB 84, 1 All ER 1023 [11] Independent television Publications Ltd v. Time Out Ltd (1984) FSR 545 [12] p. 258 Holyoak and Torremans, Intellectual Property Law, 3rd Edition, Butterworths, 2001 [13] Sillitoe v. McGraw-Hill Book Co (UK) Ltd (1983) FSR 545 [14] Pro Sieben Media AG v. Carlton TV (1999) [15] p.259 as above [16] p.259, Holyoak and Torremans, Intellectual Property Law, 3rd Edition, Butterworths, 2001 [17] www.cippm.org.uk, M. Kretschmer, Digital Copyright: The End of An Era [18] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fair_use [19] http://fairuse.stanford.edu.copyright_and_fair_use_overview/chapter9/index.html [20] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fair_use [21] Mattel Inc v. Walking Mountain Productions [22] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fair_use [23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fair_use [24] Time Inc. v. Bernard Geis Associates 293 F Supp. 130 [25] Grand Upright v. Warner 780 F Supp 182 (S.D.N.Y 1991) [26] Sony Corp v. Universal City Studios , 464 U.S 417, 451 (1984) [27] as above [28] www.cippm.org.uk, M. Kretschmer, Digital Copyright: The End of An Era [29] p.268, Holyoak and Torremans, Intellectual Property Law, 3rd Edition, Butterworths, 2001 [30] p.8 www.cippm.org.uk, M. Kretschmer, Digital Copyright: The End of An Era [31] as above [32] p.10 as above [33] as above [34] as above [35] p.3, M. Kretschmer, Digital Copyright: The End of An Era

Kosovo Crisis :: essays research papers

Kosovo has encountered some hard times. Ethnic Albanians claim themselves to be the descendents of the ancient llyrians, Kosovo’s first inhabitants. The Serbs believe that Kosovo is the cradle of their history and culture. Both have different wants; the Serbs with to have â€Å"their† land while the Albanians, which make up ninety percent of the population, want an independent nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of the troubles evolved from World War II when the country was torn on whether or not to support tHitler and his movement. Since then the Albanians have cried for a free republic. The Kosovo Liberal Army resulted from Albanian attacks. The army was formed to perform terrorist attacks on this who didn’t wish to conform to the Kosovo government. Thus, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) involvement was imminent. The purpose of NATO’s involvement was to resolve the conflict as peacefully as possible. Their involvement, however, seems to be more of a cancer that a cure. Both side of the conflict turn their weapons of destruction not only on each other, but also onto NATO soldiers. Somewhat ironic, to prevent death we must send our brave men in to die. The conflict has been hard on the world, but more so on Kosovo itself. It is predicted that if the war doesn’t stop the two-sides will be fighting over nothing other than pride. The worldà ¢â‚¬â„¢s involvement into the conflict seems to have fueled the anger of both sides.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are hundreds of people suck in the middle. Regular farmers have become heroes. Women starting orphanages for children who have been abandoned or lost their parents. One story is of a man that digs through the destroyed rubble searching for anything that could be of value to give to those less fortunate than he, and there aren’t many that are fortunate. Another is of those who have given their lives, which amounts to hundreds of stories related. There are those who don’t even want to be there such as the American G.I. who is ready and willing to gibe his or her life for those caught in the middle. Yet even though there is goodness in the torn country an official describes it as, â€Å"if five candles are burning and one is extinguished, the one not lit sticks out among the others. There is good in this place of anger, it has just been overlooked.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The conflict continues, and every day another person is found risking a sacrifice for the good or the country or another person.

Plantation Slavery in the Middle East

Plantation Slavery in Indian Ocean When topics such as African history and slavery are brought to mind, many American’s have a predetermined belief or idea on the subject. Such ideas may include that there is not much of African history until European presence, that African’s did not do anything of significance until the arrival of Europeans. Then, there are some beliefs that slavery was only a matter of American history. Both ideas are incorrect, in that there is plenty of evidence that points towards significant achievements in Africa before the arrival of Europeans and that slavery was a major part of Indian Ocean history. Slavery had existed in the Indian Ocean world far before Europeans captured and enforced slaves to work in agriculture plantations in America. In fact, many countries in the Indian Ocean world used slaves for manual labor. Although the manual labor is similar to that of plantations in America there are great differences between the two. Manual labor may be the sole reason for wealth and prosperity of the countries in the Indian Ocean world. Some countries in the Indian Ocean world that were under development became prosperous and powerful due to the cruel and harsh labor of slaves. Slavery around the world dates back before the eighteenth century but slavery in the Indian Ocean world begins around the eighteenth century. According to Eduardo Medeiros in his article â€Å"Contribution of the Mozambican Diaspora in the Development of Cultural Identities on the Indian Ocean Islands† he states that, â€Å"Starting about 1720, thousands of Africans were kidnapped from their original social groups and transported to the more important islands of the Indian Ocean† (pg. 5). These slaves were transported by ships, in which they were typically stuffed into the ship with nothing to sleep on but the cold wood beneath their feet. Such treatment was bound to cause slaves to rebel or fight as Medeiros states, â€Å"’Rebellion was a constant danger to the slaver’ at sea, and a permanent peril in the fields at their destination† (pg. 58). One such rebellion was legendary in the region of the Indian Ocean was that of a man named Bororo. Bororo’s enslaved ship was set to sail from Mozambique to Mauritius carrying 237 slaves. Bororo signaled for the uprising to begin, in which Bororo attempted to attack the pilot of the ship, Captain Le Bel,while the other slaves grabbed whatever was nearby as a weapon and commenced to destroy the ship. Le Bel freed himself of Bororo’s attacks, fled to his quarters, grabbed his sword and was able to contain the riot shortly. And â€Å"Soon after, 23, of the most energetic men had been put in chains and the rest tied with ropes. He then, wanted to know who had been the leader of the uprising and Bororo volunteered to admit the responsibility† (pg. 58). The Captain soon realized the size of his crew was outnumbered by the slaves and as such he commanded for Bororo who â€Å"was tied to the foremast’s top and was shot in the presence of the remaining slaves. His body was thrown to the sea† (pg. 59). Transportation of slaves was so sever and harsh that rebellion, although slim in success, was worth more than enslavement. Other times rebellious acts such as suicide were acts of religious beliefs. Africans from Malagasy â€Å"believed that at death, when the soul departed, the body would return not to God, but to the place of birth where a new existence would begin under another form† (Medeiros pg. 73). Such a belief was so strongly felt among these people that it would persuade them to commit suicide by jumping into the sea. Slaves were transported to islands such as Reunion, Seychelles, Macarenes, and Chagos. Their labor work was needed for agriculture plantations. According to Alpers, the commencement of plantations of indigo and coffee – soon after to be replaced by sugar cane in the Masacarenhas islands – date coconut, and clove in Zanzibar and Pemba islands, grain in the Kenya coast, date in the Persian Gulf, as well as building of ports and urban development in Arabia, underwater harvest of oysters for pearls in the Red sea and Persian Gulf, cultivation of grain in Madagasca r and Somalia’s Littoral, and the political expansion and consolidation in Yemen and Oman contributed greatly to the demand of a large quantity of African labor force in the 18th and 19thcenturies† (Medeiros pg. 6). Without such a â€Å"large quantity of African labor force† as Medeiros says, prosperity among such islands would not have reached such potentials. Such demands for large quantities of labor force reached numbers as Gwyn Campbell author of â€Å"The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia says numbers climbed, â€Å"from 33,031 in 1765 to more than 93,000 by the late 1790s,† (Campbell pg 34). But such intense labor and transportation of slavery was bound to create multiple kinds of rebellion amongst slaves. In conclusion, slavery in the Indian Ocean world was one that contained brutal, severe, and sometimes deadly conditions. Beginning with their means of transportation, slaves were treated as monsters as such given the icy ground to sleep on during transportation. Such conditions would cause anyone to desire escape. Flight was not only numerous during the slave trade in the Indian Ocean world but it had many classes or levels of complexity. Whether it be simple rebellion from no longer wanting to work in the fields of plantation or whether it is an attempt to form a small community in which runaways could survive in, flight allowed for slaves to interrupt the systematic nature of the slave trade structure. Interruption such as these would also cost the region loss in financial stability. Such interruption would also eventually lead to the demise and extinction of the slave trade in the Indian Ocean world although it took more than rebellious acts such as flight. Although many attempts were set to extinguish the fire of slavery, slavery would officially end in the Indian Ocean world by the end of the 19thcentury. Such attempts were disproved by simply disregarding treaties, or discovering different alternatives in the treaties. Many regions would effortlessly change the title of slave to â€Å"contract labor† in an attempt to overcome the system. Nevertheless, slavery in the Indian Ocean world came to an official conclusion in the end of the 19th century. With the end of slavery there was a large shortage in the need for manual agricultural plantation labor. With such a shortage the Indian Ocean world lacked an edge in the economic race to achieve success this was due partly because of former slaves no longer compliant to the diminutive amount of compensation as they began consider other occupations. Yet after slavery was officially abolished in the Indian Ocean world, there were still discriminatory and inequality issues that needed to be faced head on. After years of violence, equality is still an issue that has yet to have been reached in many regions of the Indian Ocean world. Sources: Alpers, Edward A. , Gwyn Campbell, and Michael Salman. Resisting Bondage in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia. Routledge studies in slave and post-slave societies and cultures, 2. London: Routledge, 2007. Alpers, E. â€Å"Flight to Freedom: Escape from Slavery among bonded Africans in the Indian Ocean World, c. 1750-1962. † In Alpers, E. , Gwyn Campbell. And Michael Salman (eds), Slavery and Resistance in Africa and Asia. London: Routledge (2005), 51-67. Campbell, Gwyn. The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia. Studies in slave and post-slave societies and cultures. London: Frank Cass, 2004. Hintjens, Helen. â€Å"From French Slaves to Citizens: The African Diaspora in the Reunion Island. In Jayasuria, Shihan and Richard Pankhurst (eds), The African Diapsora in the Indian Ocean. New Jersey: Africa World Press, 2003, 99-122. Medeiros, Eduardo. â€Å"Contribution of the Mozambican Diaspora in the Development of Cultural Identities in the Indian Ocean Islands. In Jayasuriya, Shihan and Richard Pankhurst (eds), The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean. New Jersey: Africa World Press 2003, 53-80. Scarr, Deryck. Slaving and Slavery in the Indian Ocean. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

Bis Case Study

Chapter 8 / Enterprise Business Systems ? 259 REAL WORLD CASE 2 Agilent Technologies and Russ Berrie: Challenges of Implementing ERP Systems Co. (www. russberrie. com) was taking another crack at replacing its legacy business systems. The Oakland, New Jersey–based distributor of toys and gifts ? nalized plans to roll out J. D. Edwards & Co. ’s OneWorld Xe suite of enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management, and ? nancial applications. The multimillion-dollar project was scheduled to be done in phases over the next 18 months.Russ Berrie CIO Michael Saunders said that the company, which had sales of $225 million during the ? rst nine months of 2001, hoped the OneWorld System would help it reach $1 billion in annual revenue in the coming years. Within the next 12 months, he said, Russ Berrie planned to begin installing the applications one department at a time, starting with a stand-alone implementation in purchasing. â€Å"We’re not going big bang,† Saunders said. â€Å"We’re mitigating implementation risks by taking a phased-in approach. The company had reason to be cautious. Three years before, a Y2K-related migration from its homegrown distribution, ? nancial, and customer service systems to packaged ERP applications experienced major system failures. Saunders said the problems were severe enough for Russ Berrie to take many of the new applications off-line and return to their old systems. Saunders wouldn’t identify the software vendors that were involved in the failed implementation, but sources said that SAP AG’s applications were part of the 1999 project.A spokesman at SAP con? rmed that Russ Berrie was one of its customers, but he declined to offer further details because of pending litigation between the two companies. Joshua Greenbaum of Enterprise Applications Consulting said it appeared that Russ Berrie â€Å"bit off more than they could chew† on the 1999 project. Compan ywide rollouts are especially risky for midsize businesses like Russ Berrie, Greenbaum said. T he good news is that Agilent Technologies Inc. (www. agilent. com) says its enterprise resource planning applications are stable.The bad news is they got that way only after a rocky ERP migration project that cost the company $105 million in revenue and $70 million in pro? ts. In mid-August 2002, the multinational communications and life sciences company, formerly a part of HewlettPackard Co. , said problems with the ERP components in Oracle’s e-Business Suite 11e software froze production for the equivalent of a week, leading to the massive losses. The Oracle system handles about half of the company’s worldwide production of test, measurement, and monitoring products and almost all of its ? ancial operations, as well as functions such as order handling and shipping. Agilent was in the process of migrating as many as 2,200 legacy applications that it inherited from HP to Orac le. As part of the switchover, approximately 6,000 orders in the internally developed legacy systems had to be converted to an Oracle-friendly format, an Agilent spokeswoman said from company headquarters in Palo Alto, California. She said the con? guration process had problems requiring correction.In a statement last week, Agilent President and CEO Ned Barnholt said the disruptions to the business after implementing the ERP system were â€Å"more extensive than we expected. † An Agilent spokeswoman said the issue wasn’t the quality of the Oracle application, but rather the â€Å"very complex nature of the enterprise resource planning implementation. † For its part, Oracle Corp. said it’s working closely with Agilent. â€Å"At Oracle, we are fully committed to all of our customers for the long haul and support them in any way necessary,† the company said in a statement. We have a strong relationship with Agilent, and both companies believe the impl ementation is stable. † Agilent also had a takeaway lesson: â€Å"Enterprise resource planning implementations are a lot more than software packages,† the company said in a statement. â€Å"They are a fundamental transformation of a company’s business processes. People, processes, policies, the company’s culture are all factors that should be taken into consideration when implementing a major enterprise system. † According to one analyst, ERP disasters are often caused by the user company itself.Joshua Greenbaum, an analyst at Enterprise Applications Consulting, said 99 percent of such rollout ? ascoes are caused by â€Å"management’s inability to spec out their own requirements and the implementer’s inability to implement those specs. † Russ Berrie and Co. After a three-year saga that included a $10. 3 million ? nancial hit from the failed installation of packaged applications, teddy bear maker Russ Berrie and Case Study Questi ons 1. What are the main reasons companies experience failures in implementing ERP systems? 2.What are several key things companies should do to avoid ERP systems failures? Explain the reasons for your proposals. 3. Why do you think ERP systems in particular are often cited as examples of failures in IT systems development, implementation, or management? Source: Adapted from Marc Songini, â€Å"ERP Effort Sinks Agilent Revenue,† Computerworld, August 26, 2002, pp. 1, 12; and Marc Songini, â€Å"Teddy Bear Maker Prepares for Second Attempt at ERP Rollout,† Computerworld, February 4, 2002, p. 16. Reprinted with permission from Computerworld.

Pros and Cons of Utlizing a Traditional Grading Scale

Pros and Cons of Utlizing a Traditional Grading Scale The traditional grading scale is archaic with roots extending back to early education. This scale is commonplace in schools as most incorporate the traditional A-F grading scale as the core of student assessment. This scale may also have additional components such as incomplete or pass/fail courses. The following example of a traditional grading scale is what most schools in the United States rely on to evaluate student performance. A 90-100%B 80-89%C 70-79%D 60-69%F 0-59%I IncompleteU UnsatisfactoryN Needs ImprovementS Satisfactory In addition, many schools attach a system of pluses and minuses to extend the traditional grading system to quantify and establish a more tiered traditional grading scale. For example, a 90-93 is an A-, 94-96 is an A, and 97-100 is an A The traditional grading scale has been embraced by many schools across the country. This practice does have many opponents who feel that it is outdated and that there are more beneficial alternatives available. The remainder of this article will highlight some of the pros and cons of utilizing the traditional grading scale. Pros of a Traditional Grading Scale The traditional grading scale is universally recognized. Virtually everyone knows that earning an A is good while earning an F is associated with failure.The traditional grading scale is easy to interpret and understand. The simplistic nature of the system makes it user-friendly for teachers, students, and parents.The traditional grading scale allows for direct comparison from one student to another within a specific class. A student with an 88 in a 7th-grade geography class is performing better than another student with a 62 in the same class. Cons of a Traditional Grading Scale The traditional grading scale is easy to manipulate because it is often subjective in nature. For example, one math teacher may require students to show work, while another may only require answers. Therefore, a student making an A in one teachers class may be making a C in another teachers class even though the quality of the work they are doing is identical. This can make it difficult for schools and decision-makers who are trying to compare students using a traditional grading scale.The traditional grading scale is limited because it does not show what a student is learning or what they should be learning. It provides no explanation for why or how a student ended up with a particular grade. The traditional grading scale leads to hours of subjective grading and fosters a testing culture. While it may be simple for teachers to understand, it takes a lot of time to create and grade the assessments that drive the traditional grading system. Furthermore, it promotes a testing culture b ecause they are simpler to score than other assessment practices typically are.

Martin Luther A Development of His Theology essays

Martin Luther A Development of His Theology essays Martin Luthers development of his theology, Lutheranism, took many years of Biblical studies, monastic living and inner soul searching. Luther had been designated by his father to be a lawyer. He pursued this wish by attending the University of Erfurt, a university that was considered to be the best and a university in which religion played a dominant role. In 1505 he passed his Masters exam and received his degree of Law. Also in 1505 Luther had an intense spiritual experience; a bolt of lightning struck him down. In his fear, he pleaded with St. Anne to spare his life and in return he will devote his life to the monastery. It is here that I will explain how he developed his theology. In the fall of 1506 Luther entered the Augustinian Order as he had promised St. Anne, and was a monk for the next twenty or so years. While he was a monk, he became concerned with the impending question, How can I be saved? He was faithful in his obedience to his order, and performed the spiritual requirements with a reverence. As Luther stated, If ever a monk came to heaven through monkery, it should have been I. But Luther thought of himself as unworthy in Gods eyes. God was stern and to be feared, he was at the mercy of a relentless judge, and he had no possibility of appeal. How could this God be the just God that is spoken of in the scriptures, when He set forth-impossible requirements for a human to achieve to attain salvation? He was deeply troubled in the fact that he went against his fathers wishes for him to be a lawyer for he broke the fourth commandment: honor thy father and mother. It seemed to Martin that the harder he tried to attain salvation and get close to his God, the farther away he was. In Luthers search for inner-spirituality, another Augustinian Monk assisted him by telling him to look no further than the death of Jesus Christ on the cross for his salvat...

A Study of the Events That Motivated My Identity

A Study of the Events That Motivated My Identity â€Å"I’m disappointed†, said my father after he saw the paper my teacher sent with my horrible test grade. I’ve always looked up to my father, so when he told me those words felt the shame piercing my soul. However, presently I am a hardworking person who has come far in school. The geeky glasses and pony tail add to my school girl look. Getting superior grades in school is one of my main priorities and it has been effective since I graduated in the top percent at my school. I’ve come far as a result of the dedication I put into my schoolwork. Throughout my life, I experienced many things that have that shaped who I am today, but that shameful event had the greatest impact on the person I’ve become. It taught me not to take things for granted and to always weight my options. In sixth grade they informed us of a state test that the students were required to take. We were told of its importance and difficulty. All my friends and classmates spent that year preparing while I passed the time watching TV and playing on the computer. I believed that I didn’t need to know any more information than what I knew in order to pass. I would say â€Å"Ill study tomorrow whenever my parents peeved about reviewing. When the day came, I sat down in that cold room and made a terrible realization; it was impossible to answer any of the questions. I just stared blankly at the clock and watched time pass while everyone around me completed the exam. When the results came back they reflected the horror I went through that day. My teacher became disappointed and sent a note to my parents. I let everyone down. The next year, I was forced to take remedial classes while my friends took classes like art or played outside. I stayed home and studied every day in order to retak e and pass the test. It was embarrassing that I acted carelessly and thought too high of myself. Consequently, I faced the consequences. That shameful experience taught me many valuable things. It helped me understand that I need to pay attention to the little things in life because they can impact our lives. I realized that I needed to work harder if I wanted a better future. Now I have a greater sense of my goals and priorities and no longer give up on my goals as easily as before. I work harder towards the things I want to achieve and try to focus more on my school work. These attributes are what helped me get accepted into my dream university and in am in one of the best colleges of the states with a scholarship. Everyone is made up of the experiences they faced. Events in our lives, whether large or small, shape the way we are. A shameful incident that marks who I am today was failing my exam at a young age. It made me into an intellectual student who is more focused on accomplishing her goals. It proved to me that we always learn from our past and our mistakes for we are the sum of our experiences and tomorrow we will become more than we are today.